Purpose To investigate whether myopia is becoming more common across Europe and
explore whether increasing education levels, an important environmental risk factor for …

To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean
spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based …

Importance Myopia (ie, nearsightedness) is becoming the most common eye disorder to
cause blindness in younger persons in many parts of the world. Visual impairment due to …

Refractive errors are the most common ocular disorders worldwide and may lead to
blindness. Although this trait is highly heritable, identification of susceptibility genes has …

Purpose.: Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a congenital autosomal recessive cone disorder with a
presumed stationary nature and only a few causative genes. Animal studies suggest that …

Purpose: Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) are regulators of fibroblast activity that may
be involved in the pathophysiology of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). We unraveled the …

purpose. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I protein is a growth-promoting polypeptide that
can act as an angiogenic agent in the eye. The purpose of the current study was to localize …

Somatostatin is a small neuropeptide that is produced in the central nervous system, where
it acts as a neurotransmitter. This neuropeptide also has an important role in the …

Purpose.: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells
into the orbit, a process in which cytokines play a central role. Orbital fibroblasts are potent …

Uveitis is associated with a wide range of underlying causes. Familiarity with its clinical
manifestations, referral indications, and treatment strategies are required for the optimal use …