Factors that inhibit the amplification of nucleic acids by PCR are present with target DNAs
from many sources. The inhibitors generally act at one or more of three essential points in …

Almost all of the key molecules involved in the innate and adaptive immune response are
glycoproteins. In the cellular immune system, specific glycoforms are involved in the folding …

Since the first crystal structure determinations of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) bound to class I
MHC-peptide (pMHC) antigens in 1996, a sizable database of 24 class I and class II …

The haemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus is a trimer comprising two structurally
distinct regions: a triple-stranded coiled-coil of α-helices extends 76 Å from the membrane …

We show here the identity of Alamar Blue as resazurin. The 'resazurin reduction test'has
been used for about 50 years to monitor bacterial and yeast contamination of milk, and also …

Metabolism has an essential role in biological systems. Identification and quantitation of the
compounds in the metabolome is defined as metabolic profiling, and it is applied to define …

Countermeasures to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are a global
health priority. We enrolled a cohort of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Broadly neutralizing antibodies against highly variable viral pathogens are much sought
after to treat or protect against global circulating viruses. Here we probed the neutralizing …

Aquatic birds harbor diverse influenza A viruses and are a major viral reservoir in nature.
The recent discovery of influenza viruses of a new H17N10 subtype in Central American fruit …

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become a pandemic, but there is currently …