Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of infantile glaucoma, yet it remains a relatively rare disease. Treatment is principally surgical, and management lasts a lifetime. In the developing world, delayed diagnosis, limited treatment, and inadequate follow-up lead to a heavier burden on the patient and community. We highlight the epidemiology and genetics of the disease, its current management and prognosis, and the limitations facing both providers and patients in the developing world. Further efforts are necessary to provide effective, timely screening of children and allocate adequate resources to allow health care workers to reduce the rate of avoidable blindness in developing countries.
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