Original articleIncidence and Progression of Reticular Drusen in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Findings from an Older Australian Cohort
Section snippets
Population
Details of the BMES have been reported previously.12, 13 Briefly, 3654 permanent residents (82.4% of those eligible) living in 2 postcodes of the Blue Mountains region, west of Sydney, Australia, participated in the study from 1992 through 1994 (baseline examination [BMES I]). Of these, 2334 participants (75.8% of survivors) were examined from 1997 through 1999 (BMES II); 1952 participants (76.7% of survivors) were re-examined from 2002 through 2004 (BMES III); and 1149 participants (56.1% of
Prevalence and Incidence of Reticular Drusen
Reticular drusen were present in 1.95% of the baseline BMES population sample. Of the 65 participants with reticular drusen, in 38 (58.5%), this sign was present in both eyes (bilateral). The copresence of reticular drusen with late AMD occurred in 7 of the total 103 eyes (6.8%) with prevalent reticular drusen.
Incident reticular drusen were identified in 95 (152 eyes) of 2738 participants at risk, with an overall 15-year incidence of 4.0% (95% CI, 3.2–4.8) after controlling for the competing
Discussion
We found an overall 15-year incidence of reticular drusen of 4.0% in this older Australian cohort, with more than 50% of incident cases developing bilaterally. The incidence of reticular drusen rose with increasing age and was significantly higher in women than in men. Current smoking and presence of the rs1061170 in CFH and rs10490924 in ARMS2 risk alleles also were associated independently with higher 15-year incidence of reticular drusen. A substantially higher proportion (34%) of eyes with
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Cited by (91)
Reticular Pseudodrusen on the Risk of Progression in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration
2022, American Journal of OphthalmologyCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, both of these previous population-based studies did not account for important conventional risk factors for late AMD development, such as the extent of drusen present (or even the presence of large [>125-µm] drusen alone1) and the presence of pigmentary abnormalities in a multivariable model when evaluating if RPD is an independent risk factor for progression.22,23 For instance, the finding by Joachim and associates23 that RPD is associated with a 14-fold increased risk of developing GA over a 15-year period is made in comparison to those with no or small (hard) drusen only. Their study also reported that the presence of soft indistinct drusen was associated with a 29-fold increased risk of progression compared to the presence of no or small (hard) drusen.
Reticular pseudodrusen: A critical phenotype in age-related macular degeneration
2022, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :The Beaver Dam Eye Study observed that 33 eyes with CFP-defined RPD showed a significantly higher 15-year likelihood of developing late AMD compared 1174 eyes with either soft distinct or indistinct drusen (Klein et al., 2008). Similarly, the Blue Mountains Eye Study reported that 40 (34%) out of 118 eyes with prevalent or incident CFP-defined RPD developed late AMD over a 5-year period, compared to 62 (8%) out of 722 eyes with other early AMD lesions (Joachim et al., 2014). However, no adjustments for the maximum drusen size, drusen extent, presence of pigmentary abnormalities, or AMD severity at the individual level, were performed in these two population-based studies.
Genetics of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration
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Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have made the following disclosure(s): Paul Mitchell - Consultant - Novartis, Inc., Bayer, Inc.