Original articleThe Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XXIII: The Twenty-five-Year Incidence of Macular Edema in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes
Section snippets
Study Population
The population, who have been described in previous reports,10, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 consisted of a sample selected from 10,135 diabetic patients who received primary care in an 11-county area in southern Wisconsin from 1979 to 1980. This sample was composed of all persons with “younger-onset” diabetes and a duration-stratified sample of persons with “older-onset” diabetes. The analyses in this report are limited to the group with younger-onset diabetes, all of whom were taking insulin
Characteristics of the Cohort
Characteristics at the baseline examination of those who participated in the 25-year follow-up, those who did not participate because they could not be located or they refused, and those who had died in the 11-year interval between the 14- and 25-year examinations have been presented elsewhere.28 With the exception of less education, there were no significant differences in the characteristics of those who participated compared with those who survived but did not participate. The 120 persons
Discussion
The data reported provide long-term population-based information regarding the 25-year cumulative incidence of ME and its relationship to glycemia, blood pressure, proteinuria, and other factors in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The 25-year incidence of ME (29%) and CSME (17%) were high, and the strongest and most consistent associations were with glycemia and to a lesser extent systolic and diastolic blood pressure and nephropathy as manifest by gross proteinuria. Lower annualized
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Manuscript no. 2008-826.
This research is supported by National Institutes of Health grant EY03083 and EY016379 (Ronald Klein, MD, MPH, Barbara E.K. Klein, MD, MPH) and, in part, by the Research to Prevent Blindness (R. Klein and BEK Klein, Senior Scientific Investigator Awards), New York, New York. The National Eye Institute provided funding for the entire study including collection and analyses and of data; RPB provided further additional support for data analyses.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Supported by National Institutes of Health grant EY03083 and EY016379 (Ronald Klein, MD, MPH, Barbara E.K. Klein, MD, MPH) and, in part, by the Research to Prevent Blindness (R. Klein and BEK Klein, Senior Scientific Investigator Awards), New York, New York. The National Eye Institute provided funding for the entire study including collection and analyses and of data; RPB provided further additional support for data analyses.