Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades
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2018, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :However, this is not true for saccades, because saccadic eye movements from the primary position do not have torsional components and only have horizontal and vertical components (Listing’s law) (Helmholtz, 1867). Listing’s law holds during fixation, saccades, and smooth pursuit, but not during VOR and rapid eye movement sleep (Tweed and Vilis, 1990; Haslwaner et al., 1991; Tweed et al., 1992) (see an excellent review of van Opstal (1998) for 3D eye movements). The crucial feature of vertical saccade, when compared to horizontal saccade, is as follows.
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