Whole sample | Stratified by duration of diabetes | |||
<1–2 years | 3–5 years | |||
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Age at diabetes diagnosis (per 5 years) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) * | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.98) * | 1.00 (0.86 to 1.16) |
Sex (men) | 1.81 (1.34 to 2.44) *** | 1.81 (1.33 to 2.46) *** | 1.80 (1.18 to 2.73) ** | 1.83 (1.14 to 2.95) * |
Duration of diabetes (per year) | 1.27 (1.16 to 1.40) *** | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.32) *** | – | – |
Duration of diabetes (years) | ||||
<1 | Reference | – | – | – |
1–2 | 1.01 (0.67 to 1.52) | – | – | – |
3–5 | 2.24 (1.58 to 3.18) *** | – | – | – |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) *** | – | – | – |
HbA1c (%) | ||||
<7 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
7.0–8.9 | 2.17 (1.33 to 3.53)** | 2.19 (1.43 to 3.35)*** | 1.86 (1.11 to 3.12)* | 3.37 (1.52 to 7.50)** |
≥9 | 3.07 (2.13 to 4.42)*** | 2.98 (2.01 to 4.42)*** | 1.94 (1.18 to 3.19)** | 6.22 (2.96 to 13.09)*** |
Hypertension | 1.59 (1.18 to 2.14)** | – | – | – |
SBP (per 5 mm Hg) | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.19) *** | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.22) *** | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21) *** | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.32) *** |
DPB (per 5 mm Hg) | 1.28 (1.16 to 1.40) *** | – | ||
Triglycerides≥1.68 mmol/L | 1.25 (0.91 to 1.71) | – | – | – |
Albuminuria | 2.11 (1.47 to 3.02) *** | – | – | – |
Antihypertensive drugs | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.52) | 0.95 (0.64 to 1.41) | 1.03 (0.60 to 1.77) | 0.85 (0.47 to 1.55) |
Statin use | 1.21 (0.70 to 2.11) | – | – | – |
Simple and multiple robust logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and their 95% CIs.
Whole sample, n=1232; subsample with diabetes duration of <1–2 years, n=823; and subsample with a diabetes duration from 3 to 5 years, n=409. Missing values: albuminuria, 29.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure.