Descriptive characteristics of the sample (n=6 634)
| Variable | Self-rated eyesight | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excellent (n=1078) | Very good (n=2359) | Good (n=2497) | Fair–poor (n=700) | |
| Age, mean±SD | 63.2±8.5 | 64.4±8.7 | 65.5±9.2 | 67.8±10.5 |
| Sex, n (% men) | 534 (49.5) | 1075 (45.6) | 1091 (43.7) | 283 (40.4) |
| Physical activity, n (%) | ||||
| Inactive | 120 (11.1) | 343 (14.5) | 531 (21.3) | 243 (34.7) |
| Moderate at least 1/week | 547 (50.7) | 1138 (48.2) | 1233 (49.4) | 340 (48.6) |
| Vigorous at least 1/week | 411 (38.1) | 878 (37.2) | 733 (29.4) | 117 (16.7) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), n (%) | 313 (29.0) | 718 (30.4) | 790 (31.6) | 247 (35.3) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 115 (10.7) | 250 (10.6) | 342 (13.7) | 128 (18.3) |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | ||||
| ≥5 times a week | 297 (27.6) | 549 (23.3) | 576 (23.1) | 118 (16.9) |
| 1–4 times a week | 452 (41.9) | 989 (41.9) | 947 (37.9) | 247 (35.3) |
| Monthly | 177 (16.4) | 461 (19.5) | 471 (18.9) | 135 (19.3) |
| Rarely/never | 152 (14.1) | 360 (15.3) | 503 (20.1) | 200 (28.6) |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥4), n (%) | 82 (7.6) | 193 (8.2) | 374 (15.0) | 165 (23.6) |
| Disabilities∗ (at least one), n (%) | 160 (14.8) | 410 (17.4) | 622 (24.9) | 324 (46.3) |
| History of CVD†, n (%) | 282 (26.2) | 670 (28.4) | 814 (32.6) | 313 (44.7) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 70 (6.5) | 112 (4.7) | 145 (5.8) | 78 (11.1) |
| History of eye diseases, n (%) | ||||
| Glaucoma | 15 (1.4) | 31 (1.3) | 53 (2.1) | 18 (2.6) |
| Diabetic eye disease | 1 (0.1) | 9 (0.4) | 17 (0.7) | 7 (1.0) |
| Macular degeneration | 3 (0.3) | 20 (0.8) | 22 (0.9) | 30 (4.3) |
| Cataract | 60 (5.6) | 158 (6.7) | 267 (10.7) | 157 (22.4) |
∗Recorded from ADLs/IADLs.
†Includes angina, coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension.
ADLs, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CVD, cardiovascular disease; IADLs, instrumental ADLs;.