Associations between cardiovascular risk score (FRS) and retinal arteriolar structural and functional measures both at 5-year follow-up
| 5-year FRS, each one score↑ | Retinal microvascular measures at 5-year follow-up β (95% CI) | P value |
| Retinal arteriolar calibre, µm | ||
| Model 1 | −0.2 (−0.4 to 0.1) | 0.23 |
| Model 2 | −0.02 (−0.3 to 0.3) | 0.92 |
| Model 3 | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3) | 0.58 |
| Retinal arteriolar fractal dimension, df(×10−2) | ||
| Model 1 | −0.3 (−0.5 to 0.04) | 0.02 |
| Model 2 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.15 |
| Model 3 | −0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1) | 0.14 |
| Retinal arteriolar branching angle, degree | ||
| Model 1 | −0.2 (−0.4 to 0.1) | 0.16 |
| Model 2 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.27 |
| Model 3 | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.4) | 0.75 |
| Retinal arteriolar DVA dilation, % | ||
| Model 1 | 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.59 |
| Model 2 | 0.05 (−0.04 to 0.14) | 0.27 |
| Model 3 | 0.07 (-0.04 to 0.18) | 0.23 |
| Retinal arteriolar DVA constriction, % | ||
| Model 1 | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | 0.82 |
| Model 2 | −0.02 (−0.1 to 0.07) | 0.59 |
| Model 3 | −0.05 (−0.2 to 0.06) | 0.35 |
Model 1: unadjusted.
Model 2: adjusted for age, ethnicity and college degree.
Model 3: model 2 and additionally adjusted for gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis and prepregnancy body mass index at baseline (26–28 weeks gestation).
DVA, dynamic vessel analyser; FRS, Framingham Risk Score.