Associations with high MMP-2 presented for three models
| High MMP-2 (≥178 ng/mL) | |||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
| COR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value a | AOR (95% CI) | P value b | AOR (95% CI) | P value c | ||
| Sex (women) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.6) | 0.17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Age (per year) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) | 0.001 | – | – | – | – | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) | 0.33 | |
| Diabetes duration (per year) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) | <0.001 | |
| DR | Proliferative | 3.6 (1.5 to 8.7) | 0.005 | 3.1 (1.2 to 8.1) | 0.022 | – | – | – | – |
| Severe non-proliferative | 3.2 (1.1 to 8.7) | 0.026 | 3.1 (1.0 to 8.9) | 0.041 | – | – | – | – | |
| Moderate non-proliferative | 2.7 (1.2 to 6.4) | 0.022 | 2.5 (1.0 to 6.2) | 0.042 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mild non-proliferative | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.7) | 0.46 | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.0) | 0.46 | – | – | – | – | |
| No apparent | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | |||
| DR at least moderate | 2.6 (1.4 to 4.7) | 0.001 | – | – | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.5) | 0.008 | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.9) | 0.50 | |
| Macroalbuminuria | 5.2 (1.8 to 15.3) | 0.003 | 5.2 (1.8 to 15.3) | 0.003 | 3.6 (1.2 to 10.8) | 0.025 | 3.8 (1.2 to 11.9) | 0.020 | |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 1.8 (1.00 to 3.2) | 0.051 | – | – | – | – | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.5) | 0.41 | |
a, b, c Multiple logistic regression (Backward Wald): n = a, b, c 252; Nagelkerke R Square a 0.05/b 0.09/c 0.15.
AOR, adjusted OR; COR, crude OR; DR, diabetic retinopathy; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2.