Results of meta-analysis in main characteristics
| Parameter | Comparison | Overall effect | Heterogeneity | ||
| Mean difference (95% CI) | P value | I² test, % | Q test (P) | ||
| CAS | HC versus non-DON | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| HC versus DON | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| non-DON versus DON | 1.28 (0.65 to 1.90) | 0.00 | 92 | 0.00 | |
| VA | HC versus non-DON | 0.02 (−0.00 to 0.04) | 0.00 | 90 | 0.05 |
| HC versus DON | 0.39 (0.11 to 0.66) | 0.00 | 94 | 0.00 | |
| non-DON versus DON | 0.32 (0.18 to 0.45) | 0.00 | 90 | 0.00 | |
| Exophthalmos | HC versus non-DON | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| HC versus DON | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| non-DON versus DON | 1.23 (0.69 to 1.77) | 0.00 | 0 | 0.44 | |
| IOP | HC versus non-DON | 2.92 (2.05 to 3.80) | 0.00 | 62 | 0.02 |
| HC versus DON | 6.20 (3.43 to 8.96) | 0.00 | 87 | 0.00 | |
| non-DON versus DON | 2.46 (0.63 to 4.29) | 0.008 | 79 | 0.00 | |
| VF-MD(dB) | HC versus non-DON | 0.42 (−0.63 to 1.47) | 0.43 | 92 | 0.00 |
| HC versus DON | −5.17 (−6.46 to −3.87) | 0.00 | 70 | 0.07 | |
| non-DON versus DON | −7.69 (−9.50 to −5.88) | 0.00 | 91 | 0.00 | |
| VF-PSD(dB) | HC versus non-DON | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| HC versus DON | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| non-DON versus DON | 3.80 (2.25 to 5.34) | 0.00 | 95 | 0.00 | |
CAS, clinical activity score; DON, dysthyroid optic neuropathy; HC, healthy control; IOP, intraocular pressure; non-DON, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy without DON; VA, visual acuity; VF-MD, visual field mean deviation; VF-PSD, visual field pattern SD.