Odds of different chronic diseases among participants with versus without self-reported vision impairment
| Condition | OR | 95% CI | P value |
| Hypertension | 1.197 | 1.037 to 1.381 | 0.014 |
| Heart attack | 1.659 | 1.417 to 1.941 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.415 | 1.228 to 1.630 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 1.544 | 1.294 to 1.844 | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 1.635 | 1.385 to 1.930 | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 1.716 | 1.318 to 2.234 | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.610 | 1.343 to 1.929 | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 1.440 | 1.014 to 2.044 | 0.041 |
| Kidney disease | 1.552 | 1.266 to 1.903 | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 1.333 | 1.111 to 1.599 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1.641 | 1.314 to 2.049 | <0.001 |
| Hearing impairment | 3.998 | 3.600 to 4.439 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 2.277 | 2.064 to 2.512 | <0.001 |