Table 1
Non-cycloplegic subjective refractions (SR) were independently measured for each eye by 50 experienced optometrists (>5 years)
| Right eye | Left eye | |
| Means: F (D or m-1) |
|
|
| Means: f (D or m-1 ) |
|
|
Means (
): |
|
|
| Clinical notation (D, D, °) | ||
| Variance–covariance matrices (D2) |
|
|
| Volumes (D 3 ) | ||
| 95% distribution ellipsoids | 18.952 | 1.976 |
| 95% confidence ellipsoids | 0.064 | 0.007 |
| Mean excesses | ||
| Scientific notation (D) | –0.0000I+0.0000J – 0.0000K | 0.0000I – 0.0000J – 0.0004K |
| Clinical notation (D, D, °) | –0.00–0.00×145 | 0.00–0.00×129 |
| Norms or magnitudes of mean excesses (D) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
The sample means are given using three methods, namely, using dioptric power matrices (F)—see Equation 1 above, transposed coordinate vectors (f)—see Equation 5 for the same but as column rather than row vectors, and standard or clinical notation (F s F c A). Variance-covariance matrices and the volumes for 95% surfaces of constant probability density (SCPD), that is, 95% distribution and confidence ellipsoids on means (CEM) are also included. Excesses (see later) of SR and the criterion-standard, either
OD or
OS as applicable, are also included.
