Summary of patient and ocular characteristics in systematic review
Patient characteristics | No of patients (n=14) | % |
Age (years) | ||
<50 | 2 | 14.3 |
50–59 | 4 | 28.5 |
60–69 | 4 | 28.5 |
70–79 | 3 | 21.4 |
>80 | 1 | 7.1 |
Sex | ||
Male | 7 | 50.0 |
Female | 7 | 50.0 |
Immunotherapy | ||
Nivolumab | 5 | 35.7 |
Pembrolizumab | 3 | 21.4 |
Ipilimumab | 2 | 14.3 |
Ipilimumab+Nivolumab | 3 | 21.4 |
Ipilimumab+pembrolizumab | 1 | 7.1 |
Presenting symptom(s) | ||
Blurred vision | 6 | 42.9 |
Unspecified vision loss | 5 | 35.7 |
Photopsia | 5 | 35.7 |
Photophobia | 2 | 14.3 |
Metamorphopsia | 1 | 7.1 |
Nyctalopia | 1 | 7.1 |
Visual field deficit | 1 | 7.1 |
Bilateral involvement | 14 | 100.0 |
Anti-retinal antibodies | ||
Present | 1 | 7.1 |
Not tested | 13 | 92.9 |
Systemic irAEs | ||
Sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction | 2 | 14.3 |
Autoimmune hepatitis/transaminitis | 2 | 14.3 |
Autoimmune thyroiditis | 1 | 7.1 |
Adrenal insufficiency | 1 | 7.1 |
Pruritus | 1 | 7.1 |
None | 1 | 7.1 |
Not reported | 7 | 50.0 |
Cessation of immunotherapy | ||
Yes | 10 | 71.4 |
No | 2 | 14.3 |
Not reported | 2 | 14.3 |
Systemic melanoma status | ||
Partial response | 2 | 14.3 |
Progression of disease | 3 | 21.4 |
Not reported | 9 | 64.3 |
Ocular characteristics | No of eyes (n=28) | % |
BCVA at presentation | ||
6/4.8 to <6/12 | 11 | 39.3 |
6/12 to <6/30 | 10 | 35.7 |
6/30 to 3/60 | 5 | 17.9 |
>3/60 | 2 | 7.1 |
Retinal findings | ||
Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) | 4 | 14.3 |
Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPVM) | 12 | 42.9 |
Serous retinal detachment | 10 | 35.7 |
Birdshot-like chorioretinopathy | 2 | 7.1 |
Concurrent optic nerve involvement | 2 | 7.1 |
Concurrent choroidal detachment | 4 | 14.3 |
Concurrent choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) | 1 | 3.6 |
Treatment | ||
Topical corticosteroids | 10 | 35.7 |
Periocular corticosteroids | 5 | 17.9 |
Intravitreal corticosteroids | 4 | 14.3 |
Systemic corticosteroids | 16 | 57.1 |
Other systemic immunosuppressants | 2 | 7.1 |
Ocular outcome | ||
Complete resolution | 11 | 39.3 |
Partial resolution | 10 | 35.7 |
No change | 4 | 14.3 |
Further visual decline | 1 | 3.6 |
No follow-up | 2 | 7.1 |
Symptom onset after immunotherapy initiation (weeks) | ||
Median (IQR) | 7.5 (5.25–19.75) | |
Duration of follow-up (weeks) | ||
Median (IQR) | 17 (4.75–26) |