Annual healthcare costs by vision status among patients with NIU
| Patients with no indicator of vision loss | Patients with moderate vision loss | Patients with severe vision loss | Patients with blindness | |
| Number of patients | N=88 265 | N=2 138 | N=468 | N=103 |
| Medical costs, mean±SD (median) | $11 054±$43 243 ($1 859) | $25 437±$76 775 ($5 116) | $34 438±$77 000 ($6 413) | $53 767±$117 039 ($5 960) |
| Eye-related costs | $934±$9 682 ($0) | $4 311±$20 381 ($278) | $4 758±$14 304 ($428) | $5 207±$19 654 ($615) |
| Inpatient costs | $179±$8 982 ($0) | $1 875±$19 028 ($0) | $1 558±$12 726 ($0) | $2 061±$18 790 ($0) |
| Emergency department costs | $25±$561 ($0) | $136±$1 007 ($0) | $156±$1 861 ($0) | $81±$488 ($0) |
| Outpatient costs | $730±$3 168 ($0) | $2 300±$6 262 ($249) | $3 044±$6 727 ($401) | $3 065±$6 581 ($538) |
| Non-eye related costs | $10 120±$40 619 ($1 442) | $21 126±$69 590 ($3 282) | $29 680±$72 575 ($4 230) | $48 560±$112 336 ($3 565) |
| Pharmacy costs, mean±SD (median) | $5 380±$18 116 ($298) | $7 208±$19 767 ($567) | $10 370±$26 528($1 494) | $11 606±$21 393 ($2 285) |