Patient demographics
| Overall (n=100) | Glaucoma (n=40) | Retina (n= 60) | |
| Age (years) | 63.6 | 65.6 | 62.3 |
| Under 60 years | 35 (35%) | 9 (22.5%) | 26 (43.3%) |
| 60 years and over | 65 (65%) | 31 (77.5%) | 34 (56.7%) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 54 (54%) | 17 (42.5%) | 29 (48.3%) |
| Male | 46 (46%) | 23 (57.5%) | 31 (51.7%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | 59 (59%) | 23 (57.5%) | 36 (60%) |
| Not white | 41 (41%) | 17 (42.5%) | 24 (40%) |
| Visual acuity (WHO classification of visual impairment)* | |||
| No visual impairment | 79 (79%) | 33 (82.5%) | 46 (76.7%) |
| Mild visual impairment | 12 (12%) | 3 (7.5%) | 9 (15%) |
| Moderate visual impairment | 4 (4%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (3.3%) |
| Severe visual impairment | 5 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (5%) |
| Emotional well-being | |||
| No anxiety or depression | 20 (20%) | 11 (27.5%) | 9 (15%) |
| Minimal anxiety or depression as worst score | 48 (48%) | 15 (37.5%) | 33 (55%) |
| Mild to moderate anxiety or depression as a worst score | 27 (27%) | 12 (30%) | 15 (25%) |
| Moderately sever to severe anxiety or depression as a worst score | 5 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (5%) |
| Suicidal thoughts | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.3%) |
| Anxiety† | |||
| No anxiety | 38 (38%) | 20 (50%) | 18 (30%) |
| Minimal anxiety | 36 (36%) | 8 (20%) | 28 (46.7%) |
| Mild to moderate anxiety | 25 (25%) | 11 (27.5%) | 14 (23.3%) |
| Moderately severe to severe anxiety | 1 (1%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Depression‡ | |||
| No depression | 32 (32%) | 15 (37.5%) | 17 (28.3%) |
| Minimal depression | 47 (47%) | 14 (35%) | 33 (55%) |
| Mild to moderate depression | 17 (17%) | 10 (25%) | 7 (11.7%) |
| Moderately severe to severe depression | 4 (4%) | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (5%) |
*Visual acuity: No visual impairment: equal to or better than 20/40. Mild visual impairment: worse than 20/40, equal to or better than 20/70. Moderate visual impairment: worse than 20/70, equal to or better than 20/200. Severe visual impairment: worse than 20/200.
†GAD-7 score: Minimal (1–4); mild to moderate (5–14); moderately severe to severe (>14). Difference between glaucoma and retina patients was significant (p<0.05).
‡PHQ-9 score: Minimal (1–4); mild to moderate (5–14); moderately severe to severe (>14). Difference between glaucoma and retina patients was not significant (p>0.05).
GAD, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.