Characteristics of included trials
| Author (year) | Study design | Age (Y) (mean±SD) | Type of amblyopia | Binocular treatment Duration Sample size | Patching Duration Sample size | BCVA improvement (log MAR) | Stereoacuity improvement log(seconds of arc) | Dropout (%) | Compliance (%) |
| Holmes et al15 | RCT | 8.40±1.80 8.60±2.00 | S, A, C | Binocular iPad game 16 weeks n=177 | 2 hours/d patching 16 weeks n=186 | 0.105±0.132* 0.135±0.129† | 0 | 5.70 | 22.0* 92.5† |
| Kelly et al16 | RCT | 6.60±1.39 6.95±1.51 | S, A, C | Binocular iPad game 2 weeks n=13 | 2 hours/d patching 2 weeks n=14 | 0.15±0.08* 0.07±0.08† | −0.06±0.17* 0.00±0.18† | 3.60 | 100.* 99.0† |
| Manh et al17 | RCT | 14.30±1.10 14.30±1.10 | S, A, C | Binocular iPad game 16 weeks n=39 | 2 hours/d patching 16 weeks n=56 | 0.074±0.145* 0.126±0.145† | 0 | 5.00 | 13.0* 75.0† |
| Rajavi et al18 | RCT | 6.28±1.95 5.06±1.62 | A | 2,4 hour/d Patching+I-BiT 4 weeks n=25 | 2,4 hours/d patching +placebo I-BiT 4 weeks n=25 | 0.18±0.19* 0.14±0.11† | 0 | 0.00 |
|
| Rajavi et al20 | RCT | 6.50±2.01 7.55±1.55 | A | I-BiT 16 weeks n=17 | 5 hours/d patching 16 weeks n=21 | 0.08±0.09* 0.09±0.09† |
| 0.00 | 87.5* 76.0† |
| Yao et al19 | RCT | 5.84±2.42 5.95±2.28 | A | Binocular iPad game+patching 12 weeks n=55 | 2,4,6 hours/d patching 12 weeks n=30 | 0.18±0.23* 0.28±0.23† | 0 | 0.00 | 85.0* 73.0† |
*Binocular therapy.
†Patching.
---, none; A, Anisometropic Amblyopia; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; C, combined amblyopia; d, Day; I-BiT, interactive binocular treatment; log MAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; RCT, randomised controlled trial; S, strabismic amblyopia; Y, years.