Variables | Outcome status | P value* | |
No AMD (n=129 705) | AMD (n=3634) | ||
Age groups (% (n)) | <0.001 | ||
50–54 | 18.26 (23 684) | 8.45 (307) | |
55–59 | 22.03 (28 580) | 14.97 (544) | |
60–64 | 32.3 (41 890) | 32.33 (1175) | |
65–70 | 27.41 (35 551) | 44.25 (1608) | |
Female gender (% (n)) | 54.51 (70 704) | 60.59 (2202) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity (% (n)) | =0.004 | ||
White | 93.38 (120 600) | 94.22 (3408) | |
Black | 2.11 (2731) | 1.52 (55) | |
East Asian | 0.36 (462) | 0.55 (20) | |
South Asian | 2.51 (3240) | 1.85 (67) | |
Any mixed | 0.56 (729) | 0.69 (25) | |
Other | 1.07 (1387) | 1.16 (42) | |
Visual impairment (% (n)) | <0.001 | ||
Visual impairment (≥0.3) | 3.62 (3138) | 8.67 (103) | |
BMI (mean(CI)) | 27.63 (27.60–27.65) | 27.75 (27.59–27.92) | =0.118 |
Smoking status (% (n)) | =0.013 | ||
Never | 53.19 (68 730) | 51.42 (1861) | |
Previous | 37.64 (48 639) | 40.01 (1448) | |
Current | 9.16 (11 842) | 8.57 (310) | |
Systolic BP (mean(CI)) | 140.29 (140.18–140.39) | 141.74 (141.12–142.35) | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mean(CI)) | 82.31 (82.26–82.37) | 81.89 (81.53–82.19) | =0.007 |
Diabetes (%(n)) | 7.6 (9,825) | 9.11(330) | =0.001 |
Vascular/Heart disease (% (n)) | 36.24 (46 919) | 42.74 (1550) | <0.001 |
Waist/Hip ratio (mean (CI)) | 0.88 (0.88–0.88) | 0.88 (0.87–0.88) | =0.002 |
Pulse rate (mean (CI)) | 69.02 (68.95–69.08) | 69.86 (69.48–70.24) | <0.001 |
Qualifications (% (n)) | =0.06 | ||
None of the above | 19.64(25 127) | 21.00 (750) | |
Lower academic/vocational | 31.45 (40 230) | 29.99 (1071) | |
Higher academic/professional | 48.91 (62 566) | 49.01 (1750) | |
Employment (% (n)) | <0.001 | ||
None of the above | 0.63 (817) | 0.52 (19) | |
In paid employment | 45.39 (58 642) | 31.1 (1126) | |
Retired | 45.68 (59 013) | 61.2 (2216) | |
Looking after home and/or family | 2.15 (2781) | 1.27 (46) | |
Unable to work because of sickness or disability | 3.75 (4846) | 4.45 (161) | |
Unemployed | 1.75 (2256) | 0.91 (33) | |
Doing unpaid or voluntary work | 0.52 (671) | 0.47 (17) | |
Full or part-time student | 0.13 (165) | 0.08 (3) | |
Household income (% (n)) | <0.001 | ||
Less than 18 000 | 26.7 (29 085) | 33.64 (1011) | |
18 000 to 30 999 | 27.6 (29 085) | 29.18 (877) | |
31 000 to 51 999 | 23.86 (25 988) | 22.4 (673) | |
52 000 to 100 000 | 17.13 (18 656) | 11.71 (352) | |
Greater than 100 000 | 4.7 (5124) | 3.06(92) | |
Townsend Deprivation Index (mean (CI)) | −1.17 (−1.19 to −1.15) | −1.30 (−1.40 to −1.20) | <0.001 |
*P value from Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and Ψ2 test for categorical variables. All totals may not add up to 133 339 due to missing data.
AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure.