Table 2

Characteristics and details of case series and case report studies

Study	Design	Patients with ocular involvement (n)	Systemic manifestation		Ocular manifestation
Study	Design	Patients with ocular involvement (n)	Description	Severity	Onset (in relation to systemic manifestation)	Description	Duration	Treatment
Chen et al23	Case report	1	Sore throat, diarrhoea	Non-severe	Day 13 after	Redness foreign body sensation and tearing. Physical examination: bilateral conjunctival injection, watery discharge, inferior bilateral conjunctival follicles, preauricular lymph node	5 days	Ribavirin eye drops
Cheema et al20	Case report	1	Rhinorrhea, cough, nasal congestion	Non-severe	Parallel	Conjunctivitis, photophobia, watery discharge Physical examination: pseudodendritic epithelial defect, subepithelial infiltrate, conjunctival follicles	n/a	Valacyclovir and moxifloxacin eye drops
Daruich et al51	Case report	1	Fever, headache, cough, severe dyspnoea	Severe	3 hours after	Foreign body sensation, conjunctival hyperaemia, eyelid oedema	11 days	Topical antibiotic and corticosteroid
Chiotos et al52	Case series	2	Case 3: fever, diarrhoea, periumbilical pain, hypovolaemic shock, respiratory failure, extremity oedema, fissured lips, strawberry tongue Case 4: fever, fissured lips, nuchal rigidity, morbilliform rash, emesis, diarrhoea, swollen hand, respiratory failure	Case 3: severe Case 4: severe	Case 3: day 5 after Case 4: parallel	n/a	n/a	n/a
Scalinci et al22	Case series	5	No systemic manifestation	n/a	n/a	Chemosis, epiphora, photophobia	n/a	Moxifloxacin eye drops
Hu et al17	Case report	1	Fever, fatigue, cough, sputum CT scan: ground-glass opacity in lung	Severe	n/a	None	None	None
Navel et al25	Case report	1	Cough, headache, nausea, myalgia, dyspnoea	Severe	Day 17 after	Conjunctival hyperaemia, clear secretion, follicles, petechiae, tarsal haemorrhagic, chemosis, pseudomembrane Fluorescein test: keratitis punctate PCR tears negative	10 days	Azithromycin eye drops and a low dose of dexamethasone, daily debridement
Ying et al53	Case report	1	No systemic manifestation	None	n/a	Both eyes redness, watery eye, mild eyelids swelling	4 days	n/a
Salducci and La Torre18	Case report	1	No systemic manifestation	None	n/a	Both eyes red, irritated and swollen, pseudomembranes, conjunctival chemosis, serous secretions, periauricular and submaxilaries lymph node enlargement	7 days	Gancyclovir, artificial tears, and cold compress
Wu et al54	Case report	1	No symptoms and physical examination finding, but laboratory: lymphopaenia and myocardial damage	Non-severe	Day 7 after	Conjunctivitis and eyelid dermatitis	n/a	n/a
Khavandi et al19	Case report	1	Fever, dry cough, short breath, CT scan of lungs showed ground-glass opacities	Moderate	Day 4 before	Burning sensation in the unilateral eye, mucoid discharge and follicular conjunctivitis.	n/a	Symptomatic treatment with artificial tear
Wolfler et al55	Case series	1	5/9 cardiac injury, mild to moderate, fever, GI symptoms, 3/9 rash, 2/9 respiratory failure	3/9 severe	n/a	Non-exudative conjunctivtis	n/a	n/a
Colavita et al10	Case report	1	Non-productive cough, sore throat, coryza (first-day hospitalisation, onset 1 day) fever (38°C), nausea, vomiting (day 4)	n/a	Parallel	Bilateral conjunctivitis (onset 1 day) persistent, improved at day 15, resolved at day 20 Day 3: severe conjunctival hyperaemia, chemosis, epiphora Day 9: severe conjunctival hyperaemia, epiphora Day 13: moderate conjunctival hyperaemia, epiphora Day 16: mild conjunctival hyperaemia Day 21: normal	16 days	n/a
Xuejie et al21	Case series	2	Case 1: core throat and discomfort with cough and low fever up to 38.5°C Chest CT images showed typical COVID-19 findings Case 2: mild cough (day 1) sore throat, dizziness and headache (day 5)	n/a	Case 1: day 4 before Case 2: parallel	Case 1: viscous secretion and mild hyperaemia in the conjunctival sac conjunctival congestion and thin mucous secretions by slit lamp Case 2: eye itching (day 1), mild conjunctival congestion slight foreign body sensation, thin water secretion	Case 1: 1 week Case 2: 1 week	Case 1: ganciclovir eye drops and sodium hyaluronate eye drops were administered in both eyes four times per day during home isolation Case 2: local ganciclovir and sodium hyaluronate eye drops
Ya et al56	Case series	3	Case 1: Mild dry cough and fatigue Case 2: Fever, cough, and fatigue Case 3: n/a	n/a	Case 1: Day two after Case 2: Day three before Case 3: Day three after	Case 1: hyperaemia and itching, conjunctival congestion in both eyes. Thin, mucous secretions were seen in the conjunctival sac. The lens was slightly cloudy, and the vitreous was turbid. Case 2: no obvious incentive of hyperaemia, itching and blurred vision Ophthalmic examination results: Visual acuity: right 0.8, left 0.8; intraocular pressure: right 17 mm Hg，left 18 mm Hg; hyperaemia in both eyes, mild chemosis, white mucous secretions can be seen in the conjunctival sac Case 3: hyperaemia, itching and foreign body sensation; more secretion in the conjunctival sac Ophthalmic examination results: conjunctival congestion in both eyes, thin watery secretions in the conjunctival sac	Case 1: n/a (died due to COVID-19) Case 2: n/a Case 3: 1 week	Case 1: Ganciclovir eye drops for both eyes, 4 times/day; Levofloxacin eye drops, 6 times/day; ganciclovir was applied to the eyes with gel once per night Case 2: the treatment of conjunctivitis is the same as case 1 Case 3: the treatment is the same as case 1
Casalino et al57	Case report	1	Intermittent dry cough and mild fever; the temperature was 38°C and the oxygen saturation level was 97% (SpO₂); chest X-ray: increased bronchovascular marking with no definite signs suggestive of pneumonia	n/a	Day 2 before	Redness and watery discharge in the RE associated with foreign body sensation, viral conjunctivitis in the RE	Improved in 3 days	Topical tobramycin–dexamethasone
Lu et al6	Case report	1	Pneumonia	n/a	Several days before	Redness of the eyes	n/a	n/a

GI, gastrointestinal; n/a, not applicable; RE, right eye.