@article {McKibbine000076, author = {Martin McKibbin and Tracey M Farragher and Darren Shickle}, editor = {, and , and Aslam, Tariq and Barman, Sarah and Barrett, Jenny and Bishop, Paul and Blows, Peter and Bunce, Catey and Carare, Roxana and Chakravarthy, Usha and Chan, Michelle and Chianca, Antonietta and Cipriani, Valentina and Crabb, David and Cumberland, Philippa and Day, Alexander and Desai, Parul and Dhillon, Bal and Dick, Andrew and Egan, Cathy and Ennis, Sarah and Foster, Paul and Fruttiger, Marcus and Gallacher, John and (ted) garway-heath, David and Gibson, Jane and Gore, Dan and Goverdhan, Srini and Guggenheim, Jeremy and Hammond, Chris and Hardcastle, Alison and Harding, Simon and Hogg, Ruth and Hughes, Anne and Hysi, Pirro and A Keane, Pearse and Tee Khaw, Peng and Khawaja, Anthony and Lascaratos, Gerassimos and Lotery, Andrew and Luthert, Phil and Macgillivray, Tom and Mackie, Sarah and Martin, Keith and Mcgaughey, Michelle and Mcguinness, Bernadette and Mckay, Gareth and Mitry, Danny and Moore, Tony and Morgan, James and Muthy, Zaynah and O{\textquoteright}sullivan, Eoin and Owen, Chris and Patel, Praveen and Paterson, Euan and Peto, Tunde and Petzold, Axel and Rahi, Jugnoo and Rudnicka, Alicja and Grossi sampedro, Carlota and Self, Jay and Sivaprasad, Sobha and Steel, David and Stratton, Irene and Strouthidis, Nicholas and Sudlow, Cathie and Thaung, Caroline and Thomas, Dhanes and Trucco, Emanuele and Tufail, Adnan and Ugarte, Marta and Vitart, Veronique and Vernon, Stephen and Viswanathan, Ananth and Williams;dr katie williams, Cathy and Woodside, Jayne and Yates, John and Yates, Max and Yip, Jennifer and Zheng, Yalin and Zhu, Haogang}, title = {Monocular and binocular visual impairment in the UK Biobank study: prevalence, associations and diagnoses}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {e000076}, year = {2018}, doi = {10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000076}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Objective To determine the prevalence of, associations with and diagnoses leading to mild visual impairment or worse (logMAR \>0.3) in middle-aged adults in the UK Biobank study.Methods and analysis Prevalence estimates for monocular and binocular visual impairment were determined for the UK Biobank participants with fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. Associations with socioeconomic, biometric, lifestyle and medical variables were investigated for cases with visual impairment and matched controls, using multinomial logistic regression models. Self-reported eye history and image grading results were used to identify the primary diagnoses leading to visual impairment for a sample of 25\% of cases.Results For the 65 033 UK Biobank participants, aged 40{\textendash}69 years and with fundus images, 6682 (10.3\%) and 1677 (2.6\%) had mild visual impairment or worse in one or both eyes, respectively. Increasing deprivation, age and ethnicity were independently associated with both monocular and binocular visual impairment. No primary diagnosis for the recorded level of visual impairment could be identified for 49.8\% of eyes. The most common identifiable diagnoses leading to visual impairment were cataract, amblyopia, uncorrected refractive error and vitreoretinal interface abnormalities.Conclusions The prevalence of visual impairment in the UK Biobank study cohort is lower than for population-based studies from other industrialised countries. Monocular and binocular visual impairment are associated with increasing deprivation, age and ethnicity. The UK Biobank dataset does not allow confident identification of the causes of visual impairment, and the results may not be applicable to the wider UK population.}, URL = {https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000076}, eprint = {https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000076.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Open Ophthalmology} }