PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rom, Yovel AU - Aviv, Rachelle AU - Ianchulev, Tsontcho AU - Dvey-Aharon, Zack TI - Predicting the future development of diabetic retinopathy using a deep learning algorithm for the analysis of non-invasive retinal imaging AID - 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001140 DP - 2022 Dec 01 TA - BMJ Open Ophthalmology PG - e001140 VI - 7 IP - 1 4099 - http://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/7/1/e001140.short 4100 - http://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/7/1/e001140.full SO - BMJ Open Ophth2022 Dec 01; 7 AB - Aims Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of vision loss in the working age. This research aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning model which can predict the development of referable DR from fundus imagery of otherwise healthy eyes.Methods Our researchers trained a machine learning algorithm on the EyePACS data set, consisting of 156 363 fundus images. Referrable DR was defined as any level above mild on the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy scale.Results The algorithm achieved 0.81 area under receiver operating curve (AUC) when averaging scores from multiple images on the task of predicting development of referrable DR, and 0.76 AUC when using a single image.Conclusion Our results suggest that risk of DR may be predicted from fundus photography alone. Prediction of personalised risk of DR may become key in treatment and contribute to patient compliance across the board, particularly when supported by further prospective research.Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. De-identified data used in this study are not publicly available at present. Parties interested in data access should contact JC (jcuadros@eyepacs.com) for queries related to EyePACS. Applications will need to undergo ethical and legal approvals by the respective institutions.