TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiome and immune-mediated dry eye: a review JF - BMJ Open Ophthalmology JO - BMJ Open Ophth DO - 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000956 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - e000956 AU - Arjun Watane AU - Shyamal Raolji AU - Kara Cavuoto AU - Anat Galor Y1 - 2022/06/01 UR - http://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000956.abstract N2 - In this review, we aim to summarise key articles that explore relationships between the gut and ocular surface microbiomes (OSMs) and immune-mediated dry eye. The gut microbiome has been linked to the immune system by way of stimulating or mitigating a proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory lymphocyte response, which may play a role in the severity of autoimmune diseases. Although the ‘normal’ gut microbiome varies among individuals and demographics, certain autoimmune diseases have been associated with characteristic gut microbiome changes. Less information is available on relationships between the OSM and dry eye. However, microbiome manipulation in multiple compartments has emerged as a therapeutic strategy, via diet, prebiotics and probiotics and faecal microbial transplant, in individuals with various autoimmune diseases, including immune-mediated dry eye. ER -