PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Arjun Watane AU - Shyamal Raolji AU - Kara Cavuoto AU - Anat Galor TI - Microbiome and immune-mediated dry eye: a review AID - 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000956 DP - 2022 Jun 01 TA - BMJ Open Ophthalmology PG - e000956 VI - 7 IP - 1 4099 - http://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000956.short 4100 - http://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000956.full SO - BMJ Open Ophth2022 Jun 01; 7 AB - In this review, we aim to summarise key articles that explore relationships between the gut and ocular surface microbiomes (OSMs) and immune-mediated dry eye. The gut microbiome has been linked to the immune system by way of stimulating or mitigating a proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory lymphocyte response, which may play a role in the severity of autoimmune diseases. Although the ‘normal’ gut microbiome varies among individuals and demographics, certain autoimmune diseases have been associated with characteristic gut microbiome changes. Less information is available on relationships between the OSM and dry eye. However, microbiome manipulation in multiple compartments has emerged as a therapeutic strategy, via diet, prebiotics and probiotics and faecal microbial transplant, in individuals with various autoimmune diseases, including immune-mediated dry eye.