Abstract
*Correspondence, Lana Fu: L.Fu@nhs.net
Background Corneal transplantation techniques’ evolution has resulted in faster visual recovery, lower immunological rejection, and improved graft survival. However, the number of transplants that can be performed can be limited by a lack of donor corneas, a steep learning curve, and the need for specialised expertise.
Methods A literature search was undertaken of Ovid/MEDLINE and PubMed/EMBASE to review current corneal surgery simulation models and best-practice lamellar and endothelial keratoplasty techniques. A DALK simulation model was designed using Fusion 360 (Autodesk, San Rafael, California, USA) and printed with the J850 (Stratasys, Eden Prairie, Minneapolis, USA). A DMEK simulation model was created using thin films to allow the practice of the intraocular DMEK unfolding manoeuvres.
Results The DALK simulation model was produced with a shore hardness A value consistent with the mammalian cornea. Dimensions of the simulation models were based on the emmetropic model eye. Experienced corneal surgeons performed simulated surgery on the models and evaluated face and content validity.
Conclusion 3D printed and thin film models have practical benefits compared with cadaveric models; they do not decompose and can be standardised to model specific surgical scenarios. 3D printing is an innovative technology with applications across many fields, including healthcare. It allows for the creation of customised simulation models for cornea surgical practice with a short lead time and reduced waste.
