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Cross sectional study or survey
Original article
The impact of anthropometric and ocular parameters on optic cup-to-disc ratio
  1. Hideki Fukuoka1,2,
  2. Chikako Tange3,
  3. Rei Otsuka3,
  4. Fujiko Ando3,4,
  5. Hiroshi Shimokata3,5
  1. 1 Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
  2. 2 Department of Advanced Medicine, Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
  3. 3 Section of National Institute for Longevity Sciences Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
  4. 4 Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute, Japan
  5. 5 Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Japan
  1. Correspondence to Dr Hideki Fukuoka; hfukuoka{at}ncgg.go.jp

Abstract

Background/aims To assess a relationship between vertical cup-­to-­disc ratio (VCDR), which is a useful tool to assist in the diagnosis of glaucoma in the early to medium­-advanced stages, and intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP).

Methods The data were collected from general populations living in the centre of Japan who had participated in the third wave of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences — Longitudinal Study of Aging. VCDR was set in the general linear mixed model as objective variables with adjustment for age and optic disc area. Explanatory variables were IOP, CCT, BMI and BFP.

Results 2819 eyes with no surgical history (788 men, 739 women; average age, 59.6±11.7 years) were included in the multivariate analysis. VCDR significantly increased with a low BMI in men (estimated effect=−0.0059, p=0.0426). Meanwhile, VCDR significantly increased with a high IOP (estimated effect=0.0125, p<0.0001) and a thin CCT (estimated effect=−0.4229, p=0.0425) in women. There was no significant relationship of VCDR with IOP, CCT and BFP in men and with BMI and BFP in women. Only the relationship between IOP and VCDR in women would be statistically significant after applying Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons, under the assumption that each analysis was not independent.

Conclusions This study demonstrated the different association with VCDR and other factors by sex. A low BMI in men and a high IOP and a thin CCT in women were indicated to be a risk factor of a greater VCDR. Meanwhile BFP was not a significant factor of a greater VCDR in both sexes.

  • vertical cup-to-disc ratio
  • intraocular pressure
  • central corneal thickness
  • body mass index
  • body fat percentage

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2016-000012

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    Footnotes

    • Acknowledgements This research was performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior informed consent was obtained from all participants.

    • Contributors HF and HS: Conception and design of study. HF: Analysis and interpretation, writing the article and literature search. CT: Critical revision of the article and statistical expertise. FA: Final approval of the article. RO: Data collection, and provision of materials, patients or resources. HS: Administrative, technical or logistic support.

    • Funding This work was supported in part by grants from the Research Fund for Longevity Sciences from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan (25-22).

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Ethics approval The NILS-LSA was approved by the ethics committee of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.